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(No Model.)

} 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. B. ROBINS.

LAMP.

Patented Feb. 6, 1894.

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V 6AA? ATTORNEY wunmamn. m c.

' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WVILLIAM BURNET ROBINS, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 514,036, dated February 6, 1894.

Application filed January 25, 1893.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1', WILLIAM BURNET ROB- INS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in lamps, and more particularly to that class, or

to kind, thereof, generally known and referred to as-central draft lamps, one object of the same being to provide an article of this char acter which shall be free from all danger of explosion caused by the intense heat emitted by the same while lighted.

A further object of my invention is to provide a lamp so constructed that a flame or light of greater brilliancy and symmetry will be obtained than in other lamps of this char- 2o acter, and the parts so arranged that easy access may be readily had thereto for the purpose of cleaning them.

With these and other endsin View my invention consists in certain novel features of 2 5 construction and combinations of parts as will be hereinafter fully described and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a lamp constructed in accordance with my improvement. Fig. 2 is a cross section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the wicks and holders, aportion of 'the former being broken away. Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line 44 of Fig. 1. Figs.

5 and 6 are modifications.

Referring to the drawings, A represents the outer wall of the oil fount, B the inner wall, 0 the bottom of the fount, and D the per- 0 forated supporting base.

The wick chamber is formed of the outer tube E and inner tube F, both extending some distance below the bottom of the oil fount. This wick chamber is, of course, closed at its lower end and is held in place by means of the stay plates or brackets 17, 1) extending from the inner wall B of the fount to the outer tube E of the wick chamber.

H is a perforated ventilating shell, extend- 5o ing from the bottom of the fount, and forming at its lower end a perforated supporting Serial No. 459,643. (No model.

base D, and serving as an enlarged lower airway, continuous with the air passage G from the oil fount. This shell also contains within it a flat box or ohamberI of suflicient dimensions to contain the lower bent arm of the vertically moving wick-raiser or rod K, and also the conduit or supply pipe M, extending from the bottom of the fount to the extreme lower end of the wick chamber, and serving to convey the oil from the former into the latter. The wick-raiser K passes through the tube or sleeve J, secured at its ends to the top and bottom of the oil fount and also through a stuffing box L, secured to the fount and adapted to hold the rod in its different adjustments.

Within the wick chamber, formed of the tubes E, F, is'fitted a tubular wick tube or holder N, which, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, has its lower end flanged outwardly as at 0, said flange O forming a bearing for the lower bent arm of the wick-raiser K, which bears against it when the wick and wick-holder are raised. This tubular wick-holder is slotted longitudinally from its extreme upper edge to a point near its bottom, as at 0 Fig. 3, thereby allowing said upper end of the holder to be contracted and fitted snugly upon and around the unbroken inner wick-tube F, and at the same time permit of its easyand ready descent thereon by force of its own weight; the descent of thiswick-holder N by gravity, and the weight of the parts it sustains, is permitted by the descent of the wick-raiser, said holder N being free from all positive engage ments with said wick-raiser for loweringorforcing it downwardly.

P is an ordinary woven cotton wick, sli.d on the wick-holder N, and resting on the flange O, and serving to absorb the oil which passes into the wick chamber, and feed it to the burning wick R, the lower end of which latter loosely rests upon the upper edge of the feeding wick P. The burning wick R is affixed around a tube or sleeve S, of such diameter as to fit over and around the wickholder N, and travel with it in its vertical movements. This burning wick R is preferably made of woven cotton, and has the strands at its top made to cohere, and thereby give to it, at its upper surface, a fixed and permanent form, and overcome all danger of any irregularities in the flame, often caused in lamps of this character by reason of the delivery of unequal quantities of oil through the loose diverging vertical strands of the ordinary wicks, the ends of the strands of which are not made to cohere, and which by reason of their straggling outwardly, are consumed in the outer air current, and give to the upper burning surface of the wick an irregular form or contour. The cohesion of the top ends of the vertical strands is, as nearly as possible, merely superficial, so as not to impair the capillary attraction of the wick below its extreme upper edge. Itisimmaterial what cohesive substance is used, provided, however, that the incrustatiou which is formed on the edge of the wick and which firmly binds the ends of the vertical strands together, is practically insoluble by the oil or fluid. For this purpose I have used as a cohesive wheat flour paste, and also an adhesive gum mucilage, with good results.

When the lamp is burning, the outwardly extending flange T, formed on the upper end of a conical shaped sleeve T, hereinafter described, rests upon, and covers the crust formed on the upperedge of the burning wick R, and by reason of the outer edge of said crust holding inwardly and protecting the ends of the vertical strands of said wick, the burning surface of the latter is limited to the upper and outer side thereof, which is drawn and held smooth by said crust, thereby affording a symmetrical flame, from a practically non-trimming wick. The upper and outer side of this wick, though formed of cotton, is prevented from burning or being consumed by reason of a ring or envelope of oil vapor surrounding it, such being sufficient in density and quantity to neutralize the oxygen of the outer air current, indicated by the arrows 0', and protect it from contact therewith, while the inner air current, indicated by arrows '6', passes over it and is prevented from coming in contact therewith by the protecting flange T. As the tube or sleeve S, and the wick R fixed around it, which as before stated constitute the burning tip, have their upper edges extending above both the wickholder N, and the inner tube F of the wick chamber, the weight of the conically shaped tube T and its attached parts, firmly compress and hold the burning wick R in close contact with the top of the feeding wick P, when the wick column is elevated and the lamp burning, as the outwardly extending flange T rests directly upon said burning wick. It will be noticed, that although the two Wicks are not in any way permanently secured together, but have simply the lower end of one resting loosely upon the top of the other, yet the construction and arrangement of parts protect the burning tip from any force which would tend to raise it from contact with the feeding wick,the contact of the two wicks being thus made permanent from the absence of any force to separate them, the efiect of the added weight of the flanged tube T, and the parts affixed thereto, being to compress and make such contact closer, and proportional to the weight, more eifective for feeding the oil. To further insure the descent of the burning wick R, and itssupporting sleeve or tube S, with the feeding wick and bolder, I arrange the outer tube E of the wick way at such remote distance from said burning wick R, as to leave a clear open space 7' between them, thereby overcoming all danger of said wick R, in its descent, coming in contact with said outer tube E, while said annular space 0' so obtained forms a shaping duct for the delivery to the burner of a symmetrical column of vapor both from the entire side of the burning wick R, and the upper end of the feeding wick P. While a sufficient part of the weight of the sleeve T, and its attached parts falls upon the upper edge of the wick in order to keep the same flush or in a plane with the upper end of the sectional wick-holder, yet it will be obvious that nearly the Whole weight is borne by the upper section S of said wick-holder, for should any considerable part of the weight thereof be allowed to fall upon the wick itself, it would cause it to bulge outwardly, and be consumed, thereby successively exposing the extreme end of the wick to the flame, and also destroy the symmetry of the latter.

Within theinner tube F, which forms a central air-way or passage through the lamp, is inserted a sleeve or tube T of an inverted conical shape, and has on its upper edge an outwardly extending flange T, which as before described, rests upon, and protects, the upper edge of the burning wick B, said sleeve by thus resting loosely upon the wick, being raised when the latter is raised, and descending in the central air-way by gravity when said burning wick is lowered. By forming this tube or sleeve of an inverted conical shape, as described, its concentric relation to, and within, the inner tube F is always insured; and further all contact of its sides with said tube F, which might interfere with its descent, prevented. The weight of this tube T is materially increased, and its descent within the tube F, when the burning wick is lowered, rendered more certain, by the attachment thereto of the air distributer U, consisting of a perforated tube supported on the lower turned in edge of the conical tube or sleeve T. lVithin the lower end of this distributer U, is fastened a double transverse bracket V, to which, in turn, is secured the lower end of the central vertical pin W, adapted to support the deflector X, formed with the tubular shank w, for receiving said pin W. It will be understood from the above description, that by this construction, the several parts may be easily and readily removed for the purpose of cleaning them, and readily replaced in their proper positions, none of these parts, viz., tube T, distributer U, and deflector X, being sheet form over the top of said distributor and under the deflector X. This double reverse division of the current, I find, supplies more increases the distribution, as the air jets pass oxygen to the flame, and very advantageously through the perforations in the distributer and commingle with the outer edge of the sheet of air directed over them by and from the under side of the deflector X.

Z represents an outer tube, formed with the ordinary chimney supporting gallery a, and

- havingits lower portion Z fitting around the outer wick tube E, and its central portion Y,

perforated for the passage of the outer air current through it to the flame.

By constructing a lamp as above described,

all conduction and radiation of heat to the body of oil in the fount is prevented. It will .be noticed that the inner wall B of the fount is continuous, or in other words, has no opening through it, and hence any passage of hot vapor from the wick chamber to the oil in the fount, is impossible, the outer wall of the wick chamber preventing any lateral escapemeut' of hot vapor either to the interior of the fount or to the burner, which burner in mostof the common forms of central draft lamps attains a very high temperature.

Inmy improved lamp I have left the inner wall B of the fount intact, and prevent any passage or opening from the box Iinto the bottom of the oil fount by means of the sleeve J; the outertube E of the wick chamber having no opening through it above the top of the box I, which is wholly below the fount and shut off from it, there remains. but one passage into the fount from the wick chamber, viz., the oil conduit M, placed at, and leading from, the extreme lower end of the chamber and to which'the hot vapor can have no access. By placing the box I, provided for the movements of the wick-raiser, wholly below the oil fount, instead of partially orv entirely within it, as in other forms of lamps, the conduction of heat from the wick chamber, by metal tubes or passages leading from it, to the inner wall of the fount, is avoided, the conduction of heat to the fount across the air space G being limited to that which is conveyed by the stay plates 1), b',and which, for all practical purposes, will be immaterial and in no way detrimental.

For the purpose of preventing the radiation of heat across the air space G, to the inner wall of the fount, I insert a cylindrical shield or screen (2 within the air-way G, such shield being of a diameter to leave an air space G between it and the outer tube E, and an air space 01 between it and the inner wall B of the fount. This shield or screen is preferably made of polished metal, of low conducting power, and is provided with vertical slots (1' from the lower end to about the middle thereof; for the purpose of allowing it to straddle and rest upon the stay plates b, b. The screen thus constructed and arranged, can be easily withdrawn to repolish it when necessary. By preventing any and all escapement of the hot vapors from the wick chamber into the fount, I am enabled to carry the wick tubes E, F, to an unusual height above the fount, thus to a great extent preventing any radiated heat from the burner, coming in contact with the top of the fount, and materially decreasing in size the shadow cast by the latter.

It will, of course, be obvious thatanumber of slight changes might be made in the detailed construction of my device, as for instance, in Fig. 5 of the drawings, I have shown the deflector, and a conical sleeve or tube, without the distributer U, and in Fig- 6 I have shown a construction consisting of the flanged conical tube, and air distributer, without the deflector, in which latter instance the top a of the distributor Uwill be closed in order to direct the air passing up into it, through the perforations to the flame, instead of directly upward; I would therefore, have it understood that I do not intend my invention to be limited strictly to the particulardetailed construction set out, but:--

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A central draft lamp constructed with a fount, having a central air passage through it, a tubular wick chamber extending through said passage and secured to said fount by brackets, and a shield or screen of substantially the same height as the fount, and placed between the latter and said wick chamber, and loosely supported upon said brackets, substantially as described.

2. A central draft lamp constructed with a fount, having a central air passage through it, a tubular wick chamber extending through said passage and secured to said fount by means of brackets, and a screen or shield pro vided'with vertical slots extending from the lower edge to about the middle thereof, to allow said screen to straddle and rest upon said brackets between said fount and wick chamber, substantially as described.

3. A central draft lamp constructed with a oil founthaving its inner wall continuous or ing through and below a tube J in said fount, substantially as described.

5. A central draft lamp, the combination with a fount having itsinner wall continuous or unbroken, of a wick chamber,communicating with said fount at a point only below the bottom thereof, a wick-holder within said chamber, and a wick raiser passing down through a tube J and beyond said fount and engaging with the lower end of the wickholder, substantially as described.

6. In a central draft lamp, the combination with a fount, of a wick chamber extending below the same, and a box I continuous with said chamber and below said fount for containing the bent arm of a wick raiser, a tube J, and an oil supply pipe leading from the bottom of the fount to the lower end of said wick chamber below said fount, substantially as described.

7. In a central draft lamp the combination with a fount, of a wick chamber formed of tubes extending above and below said fount and passing through the central air passage, a supply pipe M, box I, wick-holder N, and raiser K passing through a tube J, all of the above parts being constructed and arranged substantially as described.

8. In a central draft lamp the combination with the fount, of tubes forming a wick chamher and extending through the central air-way of said fount, a wick-holder fitting around said tubes and extending above the same, and an air deflector and distributer extending down within the inner wick tube and supported upon and moving with said wick'holder, substantially as described.

9. In a central draft lamp the combination with a fount, of the inner tube F and outer tube E, forming a wick-chamber, a sectional wick-holder, and an air distributer resting upon and moving with the upper section of said wick-holder, substantially as described.

10. In a central draft lamp, an air distributer and deflector consisting of a sleeve T. distributer U, and deflector X, supported upon and moving with the wick-holder, substantially as described.

11. In acentral draft lamp, the combination with a vertically movable air distributer and deflector, of a sectional wick-holder supporting said air distributer and deflector, and moving therewith, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

12. In a central'draft lamp, the combination with a fount, of tubes E, F, extending above and below the same, wick-holders N, S, the latter extending above said tubes, when the holders are elevated and an air distributer resting upon and protecting the upper surface of the wick, substantially as described.

13. In a central draft lamp,the combination with an inner and outer wick tube, of a sectional wick-holder carrying a sectional wick and extending above said tubes when said holder is raised and protecting the inner surface of the wick from contact with the inner air current, an air distributer resting upon and protecting the upper surface of said wick, the several parts being arranged as described, whereby the outer surface of said wick is protected from the outer air current by the outer of said tubes, substantially as described.

14. In a central draft lamp the combination with a wick-holder carrying a wick and protecting the latter from contact with the inner air current, of an air distributer and deflector supported upon the upper ends of said wick and wick holder and protecting it from contact with the inner air current directed over it by said air distributer and deflector, and an inner and outer wick tube, the latter being so arranged as to leave a space or vapor-chamber between it and the upper portion of said wick and protect the latter from contact with the outer air current, substantially as described.

15. In a central draftlamp, the combination with a fount, havinga tube J passing through it, a wick-chamber extending through the central air-way of said fount and communieating at its lower end with the fount by conduit M, a wick holder carrying a sectional wick, said wick-holder extending above said tubes E, F, when the wick is elevated and protecting the holder from the inner air current, an air distributer and deflector resting upon the edge of said wick and protecting it from contact with the inner air current deflected over it, the outer surface of said wick being protected from the outer air current by said outer tube E, an outer shell Z, and a wickraiser engaging with said wick-holder at a point below said fount, substantially as described.

16. In a central draft lamp the combination with a conical shapedsleeve, of a detachable perforated tube supported upon the lower end of said sleeve, and a detachable deflector extending over the tops of said sleeve and tube, substantially as described.

17. In a central draft lamp the combination with a conical shaped sleeve, having its upper end outwardly flanged to rest upon the upper edge of the wick and wick holder, of a perforated tube supported upon the lower contracted end of said sleeve, and a detachable deflector extending above and over the upper ends of said sleeve and tube, substantially as described.

18. The combination with a conical shaped sleeve '1", having its upper end outwardly flanged to rest upon the wick and wick holder, of a detachable perforated tube supported upon the lower turned in edge of said sleeve, and extending above the latter, and adetachable deflector supported within said perforated tube and extending above and over the same, and over the top of said sleeve, substantially as described.

19. In a centraldraft lamp, the combination with a vertically movable sectional wickholder carrying a wick, of the sleeve Tsupported on the upper section of said wick IIO holder and moving therewith and extending over the upper end of said wick for the protection thereof, substantially as described.

20. An air distributer and deflector consisting of a perforated tube having its upper end open, and a deflector located above the open end of said perforated tube whereby an unbroken sheet of air is commingled with and penetrated by the comminuted air issu- 

